Nanofluids provide significantly higher heat transfer characteristic as compared to conventional automobile engine fluids. However, there is still room for improvements in the performance of nanofluids based on hybridization and particle shape effects. The numerical investigation in this work examines the performance of a ruffled fin-type radiator employing ternary nanofluids as coolants. On the basis of the different nanocomposites and volume fractions of ZnO, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, MWCNT, graphene, Fe, Cu, and Ag nanoparticles, the performance of radiators was analysed. The aim of this study is to cover the gap in literature relating to high performance radiators using more novel fluids, which can substitute for conventional fluids. Depending on the nanofluid types and shapes, the Nusselt number and overall heat transfer coefficient exhibited distinct trends in terms of radiator performance. As the volume fraction of tertiary fluids 2, 3, and 5 increased, the Nusselt number increased, indicating enhanced convective heat transfer efficacy. With increasing volume fraction, the outlet temperature of the coolants decreased, indicating enhanced cooling performance. The result show that a temperature drops of 44.6% from the engine is observed when using optimal nanofluid. The performance index of a radiator with ternary hybrid nanofluid coolant decreases by 5.8%, 11.15%, 9.3%, 11.6%, 7.9%, 8.3%, 9.8%, and 11.7%, for the ternary 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 nanofluids.

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