The seeds of the papaya (Carica papaya) have long been used for their therapeutic benefits, including possible antibacterial activity. In this study, we used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction process and assess the antibacterial activity of C. papaya seed nanoparticles (CPNPs) ethanol extract against selected bacterial strains. The papaya seeds were dried and powdered. CPNPs were synthesized using C. papaya extract through a green and sustainable approach. The biosynthesized NPs were characterized for their size, morphology, and composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity was determined against typical bacterial strains, which include Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. To enhance the extract’s antibacterial activity, other extraction process parameters including the solid-to-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction duration were further adjusted using RSM. Box-Behnken design (BDD) was used to create the experimental design matrix. The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction procedure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and RSM and to investigate the antibacterial qualities of CPNPs ethanol extract.

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