Niobium(V) oxide (Nb₂O₅) is an attractive dynamic material for technologies such as catalysis, sensors, energy storage and electrochromic devices because of its peculiar optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Here, we report the synthesis of Nb2 O5 nanoparticles (NPs) by thermal decomposition route by changing the quantity of capping agent polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and calcination at 700 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the crystallographic phases, optical, vibronic characteristics and presence of different functional groups, respectively. The average crystallite sizes were calculated by Scherrer’s relation, which were found to be ~23 nm and ~18 nm, respectively, for the orthorhombic phase in both sample A and sample B. Raman spectra indicates presence of different stretching and vibrational modes corresponding to NbO₆ octahedra in the samples. FTIR spectra show different bands that clearly indicate stretching and bending vibrations of Nb and O. By analyzing UV-Vis absorption spectra, the value of energy band gaps for sample A and sample B were obtained as 3.22 eV and 3.19 eV

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