Copper, group 11 coinage metal nanoparticles are widely used for environmental applications. Though the usage of copper is cost effective the rapid aerial oxidation is a challenge for practical applications. Copper nanocluster (CuNC) size (< 2 nm) is a hot field of research for its strong emissive property due to interbond transition. Choice and manipulation of capping agent for contributing stability to the CuNC. The alteration of fluorescence, as well as color in the presence of various anions in a selective and sensitive way, has helped to design chemo-sensor of anions. Along with recognition techniques of synthesized CuNCs, the toxicity of anions, characteristics of NCs, the fate of analytes, mechanism of sensing, analysis of natural water samples, and spot analysis have been discussed in this review article. Mostly fluorescence of NCs was quenched specifically with a particular anion. This review may open a new window in environmental nanoscience in relation to the capping of copper clusters and anions.

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