Increasing human population leading to extensive industrial and urban development, posing environmental issues concerning over-exploitation and contamination of water resources globally. Unregulated discharge of untreated urban sewage and industrial effluents into aquatic bodies affecting aquatic ecosystems and water quality posing health hazards. Conventional wastewater treatment techniques are available for removing contaminants from wastewater; however, these methods are not fully effective due to lack of treatment plants available and their high cost of operation. In the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out in developing more efficient and sustainable technologies including using nanomaterials from plants to provide an alternate and more comprehensive wastewater treatment to prevent and conserve aquatic ecosystem for environmental and health safety. Present review is mainly focused on recent advances and application of different nanomaterials synthesized from plants based materials used in enhancing efficiency of wastewater treatment processes for contaminated water including microbial activities and nano-catalysis. Plant based nanomaterials have made great success in wastewater treatment due to their accessibility, biodegradability, and low cost. Using nanomaterials synthesized from locally grown plants could be more efficient, cost-effective and an ecofriendly approach for treating wastewater at the site of generation and water conservation.

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