In this paper, the SCAPS simulator is used to study an n-i-p NiO_x (Nickel oxide) based solar cell. This paper proposes a NiO_x based solar cell with perovskite, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as four layers and its performance has been studied, using a simulation program called SCAPS-1D software (Solar cells capacitance simulator). Solar cells are widely investigated and used for power generation because of their low manufacturing costs and high conversion efficiencies. NiO_x is one of the most promising inorganic hole transport layers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low cost, excellent hole mobility, and superior stability, so they are used. TiO₂ is a low cost and nontoxic photocatalyst. In the visible range, ZnO is a highly conductive thin film with exceptional transparency. The ZnO thickness layer and temperature of cells were evaluated in depth based on the device structure and fabrication method. It has been suggested and numerically simulated to use a planar, regular design with devices configured as NiO_x/perovskite/TiO₂/ZnO. Thickness, an essential absorber layer material parameter, has been altered for examining their impact on device performance. Additionally, the impact of changing temperatures on photovoltaic (PV) performance has been investigated. With a maximum power conversion efficiency of 22.11%, an open-circuit voltage VOC of 1.3 V, a short circuit current density JSC of 19.44 mA/cm², and a fill factor (FF) of 85.25%, the most optimized device performed the best and I-V characteristics of the structure observed.

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