Nanofluids play a wide role in the metal machining processes. Now-a days use of difficult to cut materials rapidly increases to ensure the reliability of the critical product at elevated operating temperature, low wear rate, high strength, etc., usually special machining processes were involved in machining such materials. But mass production is time consuming and rapidly increases the cost of manufacturing. For overcome such difficulties this investigation preferred computer numerical control (CNC) machining especially CNC turning centre. As high cutting velocity and strong tools involved in this process the cooling plays a vital role. In this investigation preferred refined waste cooking oil as base fluid and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles as additives to boost up cooling effects, apart from these other key factors like spindle speed, tool feed rate, and depth of cut set for finish the components were considered to maximize the surface finish or minimize the surface roughness. Taguchi route was employed. The results revealed that the optimized process parameters were 3000 rpm spindle speed, low feed rate of 0.05 mm per revelation, 0.02 mm depth of cut, and 0.75 wt.% TiO₂ concentration of refined waste cooking oil (WCO).

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