The physical properties and spray performance of aviation fuel were examined in relation to the dispersion of nanoparticles. In order to achieve this goal, various weight concentrations of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles are studied in relation to the traditional Jet A-1 aviation fuel. The base fuel (BF) and nano fuels (NF) were measured for their important physical parameters like density, surface tension, and viscosity, which are crucial for the fuel atomization process. The shadowgraph method is used to find the macroscopic spray characteristics, such as the spray cone angle and the sheet breakup length. Utilizing the phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) approach allows for the measurement of the tiny spray properties, including droplet diameter, velocity, and distributions. Two injection pressures, 0.4 MPa and 1.2 MPa, are used to test the spray performance. The results demonstrate that the fuel’s density and viscosity rise as the concentration of nanoparticles in the BF increases, while the surface tension falls. The effect of increasing nanoparticle concentrations on spray performance is a shortening of the liquid sheet breakup length. In addition, compared to the BF, NF has smaller mean droplet sizes.

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