This study aims to compare computed numerical control (CNC) turning operations on using nano-minimum quantity lubrication (nMQL) on 2205 duplex stainless steel. The focus is on evaluating the performance of novel linear groove textured carbide tool inserts versus untextured ones. The goal is to improve both material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness through these comparative analyses. This study focuses on enhancing a modern eco-friendly manufacturing method by altering the surface structure of the cutting tool, specifically the rake face. The aim is to improve the cutting fluid’s ability to adhere to the cutting edge, thereby supporting sustainable production practices. To achieve this, a femtosecond laser technique was utilized to create a tool surface texture pattern of linear grooves. To evaluate the impact, a Jobber XL CNC turner was employed for utilizing both textured and untextured tool inserts during turning operations on 2205 duplex stainless steel. The comparison considered machining performance, MRR, and the workpiece’s surface roughness (Ra). The experimental study involved two groups: the experimental group, consisting of samples machined with textured tools, and the control group, where samples were machined with untextured tools. Each group comprised 20 samples, resulting in a total sample size of 40. The sample size calculation hinged on a statistical power of 80% using G-power, with a significance level (alpha) set at 0.005. Experimental findings in turning 2205 duplex stainless steel rods showcased an average surface roughness of 1.764 μm for single linear textured tools and 2.157 μm for untextured tools. Additionally, a single-textured tool insert exhibited a higher MRR of 17.126 cc/min, surpassing the 14.193 cc/min achieved with an untextured tool insert. Independent sample t-tests revealed significant differences in surface roughness (p = 0.009, p < 0.05) and MRR (p = 0.0072, p < 0.05) under CNC turning conditions with nMQL machining. The proposed single linear groove textured tool insert demonstrated a substantial 17.12% increase in MRR and a corresponding 18.35% reduction in surface roughness compared to untextured carbide tool inserts, acknowledging the study’s limitations.

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