Biodiesel, one of the most efficient alternative fuel sources for diesel, can meet today’s energy needs. Biodiesel exhibits almost the same physicochemical qualities as diesel fuel. However, the dense nature of biodiesel creates an injector clogging problem. Therefore, the primary aim of the paper is to enhance the fuel properties and performance of the diesel engine by utilizing fuel additives, namely diethyl ether (DEE) and aluminum oxide (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticles, in the dieselbiodiesel blend. Biodiesel was prepared in-house from waste cooking oil using transesterification process. First, dual fuel blend of diesel and biodiesel oil is made by mixing 20% of waste cooking oil biodiesel (B20) volume/volume fraction with mineral diesel. After that, the above fuel additives are added to create ternary blends. The B20 fuel was mixed with 2.5% (B20E1) and 5% (B20E2) DEE by volume, and 1 g (B20N1) and 2 g (B20N2) concentration of Al2 O3 nanoparticles. For a comparative investigation of dual fuel with ternary fuel, a 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine is operated at a constant speed of 1800 rpm with the variation of load conditions. The results of ternary fuel blends are analyzed compared to pure diesel and dual fuel blends. The results show that B20N2 (20% biodiesel and 2 g Al2 O3 ) demonstrated the best performance parameters among all dual fuel blends and diesel fuel. B20N2 ternary blend exhibits an overall increase in brake thermal efficiency of 2.3% and 6.9%, an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 17.1% and 3.7%, and a decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption of 9.3% and 13.3%, respectively.

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